Abstract

TCP/IP
In the 1970s, the Department of Defense commissioned the development of the
TCP/IP suite of protocols to provide interoperability amonsg computer.
The original Internet had four primary purposes:
_ To provide electronic mail service to the users
_ To support file transfer between hosts
_ To permit users to log on remote computers
_ To provide users with access to information databases
TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that coordinate to support an Internet, which is
a collection of network segments
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP is a connection-oriented guaranteed-delivery protocol that interoperates with
IP to deliver packets across a network. The transmitting and sending ends of the
circuit exchange setup packets to establish a connection before information packets
begin to flow. TCP/IP is independent of the physical medium.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Error correction delays packet flow. To a data application, delay is either invisible
or appears as a longer response time, which may be annoying but does not affect
integrity. Voice and interactive video are less tolerant of delays. Too much delay
results in users talking over each other, making it difficult to communicate.
Internet Protocol (IP)
Routers at IP nodes usually have multiple paths for delivering packets. When a
packet arrives, a router reads the destination address, consults its internal routing
table to determine the appropriate route, and forwards the datagram over the
physical network to the destination. Routing tables are either static or dynamic.